Churn



.G. CRAMTON.

Churn.

Patented April 12, 1864.

Zia/en for.

UNITED STATES PATENT FFICE.

GILES OR-AMTON, OF MARSHALL, MICHIGAN.

CHURN.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GILEs CRAM'ION, of the city of Marshall, in the county of Calhoun and State of Michigan, have invented a new and useful Improvement 011 Ohurns; and I do hereby declare that the followingis afull, clear,

and exact description of the same, reference being had to the annexed drawings, making a part of this specification, in which- Figure 1 is a front elevation. Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section.

Similar letters of reference indicate like parts in both figures.

This invention relates, mainly, to a device for communicating to the dasher an alternate rotary motion back and forth, the operatingcrank being turned continuously in one direction, the several parts being arranged relatively with each other and with the churn in the manner I am now about to describe.

A represents the body of the churn. It is of the barrel form, and is constructed of wooden staves secured by iron hoops in the ordinary way. The cover B, for convenience in moving, is usually made in two halves, and by means of a rabbet round the edge is fitted snugly to the churn-barrel A.

D is the dasher, a plain, smooth board perforated with holes, fastened in a slot to the lower end of the vertical shaft E, which I usually make of some hard, close'grained wood. I

F is a vertical wooden standard, fitted and screwed fast to one side of the churn-barrel A. It is scalloped out, as shown at Fig. 2, to project over the churn, so as to form an abutment for the hub of the driving-wheel W, and is made sufficiently wide to carry the crank and wheel-shaft S steadily in a single bearing. To the upper end of the standard a cleat, U, is firmly fastened, which keeps the said standard from warping, and also furnishes a slotted bearing for the upper end of the dasher-shaft E, the journal of which is secured in place by a check-pin, p. The driving-wheel W isa matched bevel, and drives alternately the two bevel-pinions P P on the dasher-shaft, as follows: The rim of the wheel W is only furnished with sufficient teeth to enable it to make a half-revolution while it is in gear with one of the pinions, and the pitch or number of teeth is so adjusted that the instant it loses contact with one of the pinions it immediately engages with the other, which changes the direction of motion of the dashershaft during the next half-revolution of the driving-wheel.

I do not deem it necessary to give details of the proper mode of constructing the gearwheels so as to qualifythem towork as smoothly as though the driver were cogged all round and in gear with but a single pinion, inasmuch as any good mechanic familiar with the principles governing the construction and operation of toothed gear can readily construct it with out further explanation.

The mode of operation is as follows: By reference to Fig. 1 it will be seen that when the operator is turning the crank I in the direction of the arrow and the tooth marked 1 is disengaged from the pinion P, that the tooth marked 2 will be in gear with pinion P and the motion of the dasher-shaft E will be instantaneously reversed until tooth 2 engages with pinion P, when the previous line of mo tion will be as quickly restored, and so on. Thus by the continual turning of the crank in one direction a rotary motion first in one direction and next in another is imparted to the dasher, which hastens the formation of butter.

To remove the contents of the churn and clean and scald it out with facility, the cover B must be first lifted off and the check-pin p removed, when the upper end of the dashershaft can be drawn out from the slot and the shaft lifted from its footstep 0 out of the churn.

I am very well aware that the motion of rotatin g adasher first in one way and then the other is not new as applied to the process of churning, and that many ingenious devices have been patented to effect it; but, setting aside all the advantages of simplicity and economy in my device, I contend that by mine the change of motion from one direction to the other produces a novel and superior effect in churning butter.

In all the devices hitherto used with which I am familiar the prime mover imitates the motion of the dasher itself and comes to a dead stop at the point of changing motion. For example, in the churn patented by William Morgan, March 20, 1860, the operator will naturally come to a rest between the end and beginning of every push and pull of the sliding frame. This rest is communicated to the dasher, and is further prolonged by the slip and elasticity of the mode of connecting with the dasher-shaft, and the velocity of the current of cream in the churn is much diminished before its motion can be reversed. Now, as it is, the sudden impact with which the current of cream is broken that breaks the globules and hastens the formation of butter, it is evident that my wheel W, continually turning in one direction and connecting unyieldingly with the dasher-shaft through the intervention of the pinions 1? and P, will give new and more perfect results than any of the devices heretofore used; Therefore, I do not 

